{"id":2336,"date":"2023-12-31T10:50:54","date_gmt":"2023-12-31T10:50:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ccr1-agrhymet.cilss.int\/surv_climatological_indices\/"},"modified":"2024-07-17T17:17:58","modified_gmt":"2024-07-17T17:17:58","slug":"surv_climatological_indices","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ccr1-agrhymet.cilss.int\/en\/surv_climatological_indices\/","title":{"rendered":"SURV_climatological_indices"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2336\" class=\"elementor elementor-2336 elementor-1652\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-631f0af e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"631f0af\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51b3528 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"51b3528\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 15-04-2024 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Climatological indices<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-419272e elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" 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#uc_content_tabs_elementor_c77af2b .r-tabs-accordion-title.r-tabs-state-active .uc-accordion-icon-expand{\n    display:none;\n }\n  \n #uc_content_tabs_elementor_c77af2b .ue-item-content-layout{\n    display:flex;\n    flex-direction:column;\n }\n\n #uc_content_tabs_elementor_c77af2b .ue-item-image-wrapper{\n \twidth:100%;\n }\n\n #uc_content_tabs_elementor_c77af2b .uc-tabs-accordion-title{\n    display:flex;\n    align-items:center;\n }\n\n #uc_content_tabs_elementor_c77af2b .panel-container{\n   width:100%;\n    } \n  \n  #uc_content_tabs_elementor_c77af2b .tab-container{\n    background-color: ;\n  }\n  \n}\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/style>\n\n<div class=\"uc_bold_tabs padding  \" id=\"uc_content_tabs_elementor_c77af2b\"  data-debug=\"false\" data-editor=\"no\"  data-collapsible=\"true\" data-hash=\"false\" data-hash-scroll=\"off\" data-scroll-to-selected-tab-offset=\"0\" data-scroll-after-selected=\"false\">\n    \t<ul class=\"tabs uc_tab_nav uc-items-wrapper\">\n        \t\n<li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-6843795\">\n  \t\n  \t<a href=\"#uc_content_tabs_elementor_c77af2b_item1\"  data-hash-id=\"ue-tab1\" class=\"ue-tab-btn\">\n \t              \t   \n      <div>ENSO<\/div>\n    <\/a>\n      \n<\/li>\n\n<li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-4a6786e\">\n  \t\n  \t<a href=\"#uc_content_tabs_elementor_c77af2b_item2\"  data-hash-id=\"ue-tab2\" class=\"ue-tab-btn\">\n \t              \t   \n      <div>YOURSELF<\/div>\n    <\/a>\n      \n<\/li>\n\n<li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-551fb0e\">\n  \t\n  \t<a href=\"#uc_content_tabs_elementor_c77af2b_item3\"  data-hash-id=\"ue-tab3\" class=\"ue-tab-btn\">\n \t              \t   \n      <div>VAT<\/div>\n    <\/a>\n      \n<\/li>\n\n<li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-b5fd691\">\n  \t\n  \t<a href=\"#uc_content_tabs_elementor_c77af2b_item4\"  data-hash-id=\"ue-tab4\" class=\"ue-tab-btn\">\n \t              \t   \n      <div>NAO<\/div>\n    <\/a>\n      \n<\/li>\n\n<li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-430da3a\">\n  \t\n  \t<a href=\"#uc_content_tabs_elementor_c77af2b_item5\"  data-hash-id=\"ue-tab5\" class=\"ue-tab-btn\">\n \t              \t   \n      <div>IOD<\/div>\n    <\/a>\n      \n<\/li>\n\n<li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-bc4c717\">\n  \t\n  \t<a href=\"#uc_content_tabs_elementor_c77af2b_item6\"  data-hash-id=\"ue-tab6\" class=\"ue-tab-btn\">\n \t              \t   \n      <div>SPI<\/div>\n    <\/a>\n      \n<\/li>\n\n<li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-655ca3b\">\n  \t\n  \t<a href=\"#uc_content_tabs_elementor_c77af2b_item7\"  data-hash-id=\"ue-tab7\" class=\"ue-tab-btn\">\n \t              \t   \n      <div>Other indices<\/div>\n    <\/a>\n      \n<\/li>\n\n        <\/ul>\n        <div class=\"panel-container uc-items-wrapper2\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"uc_content_tabs_elementor_c77af2b_item1\" class=\"tab-container panes\">\n\t<div>\n      \t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"page\" data-elementor-id=\"2468\" class=\"elementor elementor-2468\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-200fa5d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"200fa5d\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bec1927 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bec1927\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 15-04-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>Le ENSO est l\u2019oscillation \u00e0 la surface de l\u2019oc\u00e9an pacifique \u00e9quatorial. Il entraine des changements de grande \u00e9chelle des pressions de la mer, les temp\u00e9ratures de surface de la mer, les pr\u00e9cipitations et les vents, non seulement dans les tropiques mais aussi dans de nombreuses autres parties du globe.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55b9825 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"55b9825\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-8980\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-8980\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Lire la suite <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-8980\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea23ef9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ea23ef9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98df9f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"98df9f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIl d\u00e9crit les variations naturelles interannuelles de l\u2019oc\u00e9an et de l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re dans le Pacifique tropical. Les temp\u00e9ratures de surface de la mer (SST) dans le centre et l\u2019Est du Pacifique \u00e9quatorial varient \u00e9galement.\n\nLe ENSO se traduit par des \u00e9tats de SST moyennes, inf\u00e9rieures ou sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 la moyenne \u00e9tablit. Ainsi, lorsque les SST dans le Pacifique \u00e9quatorial central et oriental sont nettement plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es que d\u2019habitude une situation d\u2019El Ni\u00f1o se produit. Quand les eaux du Pacifique \u00e9quatorial central et oriental sont nettement plus froides que d\u2019habitude il se produit une condition de la Ni\u00f1a. Une situation neutre se produit quand les temp\u00e9ratures sont \u00e9quivalentes \u00e0 la moyenne \u00e9tablit.\n\nPour faciliter l\u2019observation, le pacifique tropical est divis\u00e9 en plusieurs boites\u00a0dont les indices de SST sont calcul\u00e9s. Habituellement, les anomalies sont calcul\u00e9es par rapport \u00e0 une p\u00e9riode de base de 30 ans.\u00a0 L\u2019indice Ni\u00f1o 3.4 et l\u2019indice Oc\u00e9anique Ni\u00f1o (ONI) sont les indices les plus couramment utilis\u00e9s pour d\u00e9finir les \u00e9v\u00e9nements El Ni\u00f1o et La Ni\u00f1a.\n\n<code class=\"b-blog__code__code\"><\/code>\n\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1670 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/ccr1-agrhymet.cilss.int\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/NIR-600x185-1.png\" alt=\"Nino index Regions (SST)\" width=\"400\" height=\"100\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Zone Nino d\u2019observation des temp\u00e9ratures de surface oc\u00e9anique dans le pacifique \u00e9quatorial<\/p>\n\n<table class=\"oew-table oew-table-odd\" style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"oew-table-row elementor-repeater-item-e0a1771\">\n<td class=\"oew-table-cell elementor-repeater-item-9a04989\" style=\"border: 1px solid black;\" data-title=\"Header #1\"><span class=\"oew-table-text\"><span class=\"oew-table-text-inner\"><b>Indice Ni\u00f1o 1+2<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"oew-table-cell elementor-repeater-item-ca13d16\" style=\"border: 1px solid black;\" data-title=\"Header #2\"><span class=\"oew-table-text\"><span class=\"oew-table-text-inner\"><b>Indice Ni\u00f1o 3<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"oew-table-row elementor-repeater-item-29da2a1\">\n<td class=\"oew-table-cell elementor-repeater-item-540fdf2\" style=\"border: 1px solid black;\" data-title=\"Header #1\"><span class=\"oew-table-text\"><span class=\"oew-table-text-inner\">L\u2019indice d\u2019anomalie SST Ni\u00f1o1+2 est un indicateur des conditions El Ni\u00f1o du Pacifique tropical extr\u00eame-oriental, au large des c\u00f4tes du P\u00e9rou et du Chili. Il s\u2019agit de la moyenne des SST de la zone Ni\u00f1o 1+2 (0-10S, 90W-80W). Lien d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux donn\u00e9es HadISST.<\/span><\/span>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/psl.noaa.gov\/gcos_wgsp\/Timeseries\/Data\/nino12.long.anom.data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/psl.noaa.gov\/gcos_wgsp\/Timeseries\/Data\/nino12.long.anom.data<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"oew-table-cell elementor-repeater-item-da85bf4\" style=\"border: 1px solid black;\" data-title=\"Header #2\"><span class=\"oew-table-text\"><span class=\"oew-table-text-inner\">L\u2019indice d\u2019anomalie SST Ni\u00f1o3 est un indicateur des conditions El Ni\u00f1o dans le Pacifique tropical oriental. Il s\u2019agit de la moyenne des SST de la zone 5S-5N et 150W-90W.<\/span><\/span>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/psl.noaa.gov\/gcos_wgsp\/Timeseries\/Data\/nino3.long.anom.data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/psl.noaa.gov\/gcos_wgsp\/Timeseries\/Data\/nino3.long.anom.data<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"oew-table-row elementor-repeater-item-8c6650d\">\n<td class=\"oew-table-cell elementor-repeater-item-e8ab369\" style=\"border: 1px solid black;\" data-title=\"Header #1\"><span class=\"style=&quot;border:\"><span class=\"oew-table-text-inner\"><b>Indice Ni\u00f1o 3.4<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"oew-table-cell elementor-repeater-item-db4478e\" style=\"border: 1px solid black;\" data-title=\"Header #2\"><span class=\"oew-table-text\"><span class=\"oew-table-text-inner\"><b>Indice Ni\u00f1o 4 SST Index<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"oew-table-row elementor-repeater-item-2d851df\">\n<td class=\"oew-table-cell elementor-repeater-item-4068170\" style=\"border: 1px solid black;\" data-title=\"Header #1\"><span class=\"oew-table-text\"><span class=\"oew-table-text-inner\">Les anomalies du Ni\u00f1o 3.4 peuvent \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme la moyenne des SST dans le Pacifique \u00e9quatorial central entre 5S-5N and 170W-120W. L\u2019indice Ni\u00f1o 3.4 utilise g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement une moyenne mobile de 5 mois, et les \u00e9v\u00e9nements El Ni\u00f1o ou La Ni\u00f1a sont d\u00e9finis lorsque les SST de la zone Ni\u00f1o 3.4 d\u00e9passent +\/- 0.5C.<\/span><\/span>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/psl.noaa.gov\/gcos_wgsp\/Timeseries\/Data\/nino34.long.anom.data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/psl.noaa.gov\/gcos_wgsp\/Timeseries\/Data\/nino34.long.anom.data<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"oew-table-cell elementor-repeater-item-7f6fadc\" style=\"border: 1px solid black;\" data-title=\"Header #2\"><span class=\"oew-table-text\"><span class=\"oew-table-text-inner\">L\u2019indice d\u2019anomalie SST Ni\u00f1o4 est un indicateur des conditions El Ni\u00f1o dans le Pacifique tropical ouest. Il est calcul\u00e9 avec les SST dans la zone 160\u00b0E \u2013 150\u00b0W, 5\u00b0S \u2013 5\u00b0N. Cette r\u00e9gion a tendance \u00e0 avoir moins de variance que les autres r\u00e9gions Ni\u00f1o.<\/span><\/span>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/psl.noaa.gov\/gcos_wgsp\/Timeseries\/Data\/nino4.long.anom.data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/psl.noaa.gov\/gcos_wgsp\/Timeseries\/Data\/nino4.long.anom.data<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            \n      \t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"uc_content_tabs_elementor_c77af2b_item2\" class=\"tab-container panes\">\n\t<div>\n                     <div class=\"ue-item-content-layout\"> \n           <div class=\"ue-item-image-wrapper\"><\/div>\n           <div class=\"ue-item-content-wrapper\">\n                      <div class=\"ue-content-text\"><p>The<strong>Southern Oscillation Index (<\/strong>SOI) is defined as the normalized pressure difference between Tahiti and Darwin. There are several slight variations in the SOI values calculated in different centers. It is associated with the El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a phases of ENSO.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/psl.noaa.gov\/gcos_wgsp\/Timeseries\/Data\/soi.long.data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/psl.noaa.gov\/gcos_wgsp\/Timeseries\/Data\/soi.long.data<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/psl.noaa.gov\/gcos_wgsp\/Timeseries\/SOI\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/psl.noaa.gov\/gcos_wgsp\/Timeseries\/SOI\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>                      <\/div>  \n         <\/div>\n         \n      \t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"uc_content_tabs_elementor_c77af2b_item3\" class=\"tab-container panes\">\n\t<div>\n      \t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"page\" data-elementor-id=\"2481\" class=\"elementor elementor-2481\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a388f8c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a388f8c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df2546e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"df2546e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La Variabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019Atlantique Tropical (VAT) est la fluctuation de l\u2019ensemble des variations de la temp\u00e9rature de la surface des mers (SST), de la pression du niveau de la mer (Pmer), de la circulation de Hadley, de la zone de convergence intertropicale (ZCIT), et des changements de la direction de vent. Sa manifestation la plus claire a lieu habituellement entre mars et mai (MAM). Ceci est domin\u00e9 par les changements interannuels et d\u00e9cennaux. La VAT est souvent appel\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0El Ni\u00f1o de l\u2019Atlantique\u00a0\u00bb et est associ\u00e9 aux Aliz\u00e9s comme\u00a0<u>El Ni\u00f1o<\/u>\u00a0dans le Pacifique. Selon la force des Aliz\u00e9s, Sud-est, \u00e7a r\u00e9chauffe l\u2019eau de l\u2019oc\u00e9an alternativement vers le Sud de l\u2019\u00e9quateur, puis au Nord, puis de nouveau au sud de l\u2019\u00e9quateur.\u00a0<br \/><br \/><strong>NB\u00a0: Les anomalies importantes des pr\u00e9cipitations dans le Sahel (Lamb, 1978) et bien d\u2019autres r\u00e9gions, sont li\u00e9es \u00e0 la variation de l\u2019Atlantique Tropical.<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>Les indices oc\u00e9anographiques de l\u2019Atlantique Tropical sont :<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2310a8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"2310a8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-3670\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-3670\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Lire la suite <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-3670\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d825d8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3d825d8\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c90a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22c90a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table class=\"oew-table oew-table-odd\" style=\"width: 860px; border: 1px solid black;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"oew-table-row elementor-repeater-item-e0a1771\">\n<td class=\"oew-table-cell elementor-repeater-item-9a04989\" style=\"width: 300px; border: 1px solid black;\" data-title=\"Header #1\">\n<ul type=\"disc\">\n \t<li><strong>Le TNA (Atlantique Tropical Nord) (15-80\u00b0W, 6-22\u00b0N)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"oew-table-cell elementor-repeater-item-ca13d16\" style=\"width: 300px; border: 1px solid black;\" data-title=\"Header #2\">\n<ul type=\"disc\">\n \t<li><strong>Le NAT (Atlantique Nord Tropical)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"oew-table-cell elementor-repeater-item-da85bf4\" style=\"width: 300px; border: 1px solid black;\" data-title=\"Header #2\">\n<ul type=\"disc\">\n \t<li><strong>Le TSA (Atlantique Sud Tropical) (15\u00b0E-35\u00b0W 22-2\u00b0N)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"oew-table-row elementor-repeater-item-29da2a1\">\n<td class=\"oew-table-cell elementor-repeater-item-540fdf2\" style=\"border: 1px solid black;\" data-title=\"Header #1\"><span class=\"oew-table-text\"><span class=\"oew-table-text-inner\">L\u2019indice d\u2019anomalie SST TNA est un indicateur des temp\u00e9ratures de surface dans l\u2019Est de l\u2019oc\u00e9an Atlantique Nord tropical. Il est calcul\u00e9 avec les SST dans une large zone entre 55\u00b0W \u2013 15\u00b0W, 5\u00b0N \u2013 25\u00b0N.<\/span><\/span>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/psl.noaa.gov\/data\/correlation\/tna.data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/psl.noaa.gov\/data\/correlation\/tna.data<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"oew-table-cell elementor-repeater-item-da85bf4\" style=\"border: 1px solid black;\" data-title=\"Header #2\">L\u2019indice d\u2019anomalie SST NAT est un indicateur des temp\u00e9ratures de surface dans une large bande de l\u2019oc\u00e9an Atlantique Nord tropical. Il est calcul\u00e9 avec les SST dans la zone 40\u00b0W \u2013 20\u00b0W, 5\u00b0N \u2013 20\u00b0N.\n\n<strong>NB\u00a0: L\u2019Atlantique Tropical du Nord (15-80\u00b0W et 6-22\u00b0N), est la r\u00e9gion o\u00f9 se forment les cyclones et temp\u00eates tropicaux. Donc la variation de la SST du TNA a des impacts sur la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration des cyclones.<\/strong>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/psl.noaa.gov\/data\/correlation\/NTA_ersst.data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/psl.noaa.gov\/gcos_wgsp\/Timeseries\/Data\/nino3.long.anom.data<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"oew-table-cell elementor-repeater-item-da85bf4\" style=\"border: 1px solid black;\" data-title=\"Header #2\">L\u2019indice d\u2019anomalie SST TSA est un indicateur des temp\u00e9ratures de surface dans le Golfe de Guin\u00e9e, l\u2019Est de l\u2019oc\u00e9an Atlantique Sud tropical. Il est calcul\u00e9 avec les SST dans la zone 30\u00b0W \u2013 10\u00b0E, 20\u00b0S \u2013 0\u00b0.\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/psl.noaa.gov\/data\/correlation\/tsa.data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/psl.noaa.gov\/gcos_wgsp\/Timeseries\/Data\/nino3.long.anom.data<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"oew-table-row elementor-repeater-item-8c6650d\">\n<td class=\"oew-table-cell elementor-repeater-item-e8ab369\" style=\"border: 1px solid black;\" data-title=\"Header #1\">\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>Le SAT (Atlantique Tropical Sud)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"oew-table-cell elementor-repeater-item-db4478e\" style=\"border: 1px solid black;\" data-title=\"Header #2\">\n<ul type=\"disc\">\n \t<li><strong>Le TNSD (Atlantique Tropical Nord-Sud)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"oew-table-cell elementor-repeater-item-db4478e\" style=\"border: 1px solid black;\" data-title=\"Header #2\">\n<ul type=\"disc\">\n \t<li><strong>Le TASI (Indice Atlantique Tropical<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"oew-table-row elementor-repeater-item-2d851df\">\n<td class=\"oew-table-cell elementor-repeater-item-4068170\" style=\"border: 1px solid black;\" data-title=\"Header #1\">L\u2019indice d\u2019anomalie SST SAT est un indicateur des temp\u00e9ratures de surface dans une large bande de l\u2019oc\u00e9an Atlantique Sud tropical. Il est calcul\u00e9 avec les SST dans la zone 15\u00b0W \u2013 5\u00b0E, 20\u00b0S \u2013 5\u00b0S.<\/td>\n<td class=\"oew-table-cell elementor-repeater-item-7f6fadc\" style=\"border: 1px solid black;\" data-title=\"Header #2\">L\u2019indice d\u2019anomalie SST TNSD est un indicateur du gradient m\u00e9ridional de temp\u00e9rature de surface dans l\u2019oc\u00e9an Atlantique tropical. Il est calcul\u00e9 en faisant la diff\u00e9rence entre les indices SST de l\u2019atlantique Nord (TNA) et l\u2019atlantique Nord TSA\u00a0:\n<strong>TNSD= TNA-TSA<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"oew-table-cell elementor-repeater-item-7f6fadc\" style=\"border: 1px solid black;\" data-title=\"Header #2\">L\u2019indice d\u2019anomalie SST TASI est un indicateur du gradient m\u00e9ridional de temp\u00e9rature de surface dans l\u2019oc\u00e9an Atlantique tropical. Il est calcul\u00e9 en faisant la diff\u00e9rence entre les indices NAT et SAT.\n<strong>TASI= NAT-SAT<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1670 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/ccr1-agrhymet.cilss.int\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/VAT-600x423-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"381\" height=\"298\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            \n      \t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"uc_content_tabs_elementor_c77af2b_item4\" class=\"tab-container panes\">\n\t<div>\n      \t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"page\" data-elementor-id=\"2506\" class=\"elementor elementor-2506\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25683fe e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"25683fe\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b11d5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0b11d5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L\u2019Oscillation Multi-d\u00e9cennale de l\u2019Atlantique (AMO) est une variation cyclique \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle dans le courant atmosph\u00e9rique et oc\u00e9anique dans l\u2019Oc\u00e9an Atlantique du Nord qui se combine pour augmenter et baisser alternativement la temp\u00e9rature de la surface de l\u2019oc\u00e9an Atlantique (SST).<br \/><br \/>Cette oscillation qui est multi-d\u00e9cennale varie sur une \u00e9chelle de 50 \u00e0 70 ans avec des anomalies positives pendant environs 40 ans, suivies d\u2019anomalies n\u00e9gatives pendant environs 20 ans dans l\u2019Atlantique Nord avec une diff\u00e9rence approximative de 0,6\u00b0C entre les extr\u00eames.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-effe3e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"effe3e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2510\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2510\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Lire plus <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2510\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2aa315e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2aa315e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd4f005 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cd4f005\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLes causes de l\u2019AMO ne sont actuellement pas bien connues parce que cette oscillation est longue.\n\nL\u2019indice est calcul\u00e9 en faisant la moyenne de la SST du Nord de l\u2019Oc\u00e9an Atlantique \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9quateur de l\u2019Oc\u00e9an Atlantique, entre 0\u00b0N et 60\u00b0N, puis 75\u00b0W et 7.5\u00b0W.\u00a0<strong>Ces basses fr\u00e9quences sont associ\u00e9es \u00e0 des changements de pr\u00e9cipitation sur le\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sahel\">Sahel<\/a>\u00a0et sur le Nord-Est du\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Br%C3%A9sil\">Br\u00e9sil<\/a>, \u00e0 la fr\u00e9quence et \u00e0 l\u2019intensit\u00e9 des ouragans en Atlantique Nord et au climat estival de l\u2019Europe et de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Nord.<\/strong>\n\nLa diff\u00e9rence de pression atmosph\u00e9rique entre le nord et le sud \u00e0 la surface de l\u2019oc\u00e9an Atlantique conduit \u00e0 un vent exceptionnellement fort dans le Sud-est de l\u2019Afrique. Cette anomalie de vent affaiblit les aliz\u00e9s du Nord-est. Quand les Aliz\u00e9s sont faibles, la surface de l\u2019oc\u00e9an se refroidit de moins en moins pour faire place \u00e0 un r\u00e9chauffement. Plus la temp\u00e9rature augmente plus la diff\u00e9rence de pression entre le nord et sud de l\u2019Atlantique augmente, et cause une anomalie de vent plus forte. Les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes inverses se produisent si les Aliz\u00e9s sont forts.\n\nLa pr\u00e9sence du r\u00e9chauffement dans le Nord de l\u2019oc\u00e9an Atlantique, entraine l\u2019intensification des vents proches de l\u2019\u00e9quateur. Par cons\u00e9quent, l\u2019ITCZ (la zone intertropicale de convergence o\u00f9 d\u2019importantes pr\u00e9cipitations se produisent) se d\u00e9place de vers le nord.\n\n<strong>Les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes climatiques AMO influences la pluviom\u00e9trie de l\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest. En effet, les s\u00e9cheresses au Sahel se sont surtout produites quand l\u2019indice de l\u2019AMO a \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9gative, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire que quand l\u2019anomalie de la temp\u00e9rature de l\u2019Atlantique du Nord est n\u00e9gative et inversement dans l\u2019Atlantique du Sud.<\/strong>\n<pre><b>Lien d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux donn\u00e9es AMO: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cdc.noaa.gov\/data\/correlation\/amon.us.long.data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.cdc.noaa.gov\/data\/correlation\/amon.us.long.data<\/a><\/b><\/pre>\n<center><b>Lorsque l\u2019AMO est positive, une r\u00e9troaction positive d\u2019air-mer se d\u00e9veloppe.<\/b><\/center>&nbsp;\n\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1670 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/ccr1-agrhymet.cilss.int\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/NAO-600x652-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            \n      \t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"uc_content_tabs_elementor_c77af2b_item5\" class=\"tab-container panes\">\n\t<div>\n                     <div class=\"ue-item-content-layout\"> \n           <div class=\"ue-item-image-wrapper\"><\/div>\n           <div class=\"ue-item-content-wrapper\">\n                      <div class=\"ue-content-text\"><p>The variation in surface temperatures between the east and west of the Indian Ocean creates a dipole known as the Indian Ocean<strong>Dipole (IOD)<\/strong>. Variations in IOD lead to interaction between the ocean and atmosphere in the Indian Ocean. This has a significant impact on the climate of India and surrounding countries, depending on the anomalies in the surface temperature of the Indian Ocean.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong> Dipole Mode<\/strong> Index (DMI) is an indicator of the East-West temperature gradient in the tropical Indian Ocean, linked to the dipole or zonal mode of the Indian Ocean. It is calculated as the difference between the <strong>WTIO (<\/strong><strong>Western Tropical Indian Ocean<\/strong><strong>) and SETIO (<\/strong><strong>South-eastern Tropical Indian Ocean<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong> indices.<br \/>\nThe intensity of the Indian Ocean Dipole is represented by its calculated index. Extreme rainfall in September-October-November in tropical East Africa was associated with periods of persistently high DMI.<\/p>\n<table class=\"oew-table oew-table-odd\" style=\"border: 1px solid black;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"oew-table-row elementor-repeater-item-e0a1771\">\n<td class=\"oew-table-cell elementor-repeater-item-9a04989\" style=\"border: 1px solid black;\" data-title=\"Header #1\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Southeastern Tropical Indian Ocean SST Index (SETIO : <\/strong><strong>Southeastern Tropical Indian Ocean<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n  <strong>)<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The SETIO anomaly index is an indicator of surface temperatures in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean (west of the Indonesian island of Sumatra). It is calculated with SST in the zone between 90\u00b0E - 110\u00b0E, 10\u00b0S - 0\u00b0.<\/td>\n<td class=\"oew-table-cell elementor-repeater-item-ca13d16\" style=\"border: 1px solid black;\" data-title=\"Header #2\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Western Tropical Indian Ocean SST Index (WTIO :<\/strong><strong> Western Tropical Indian Ocean<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The WTIO anomaly index is an indicator of sea surface temperatures in the equatorial region covering the western tropical Indian Ocean. It is calculated with SST in the 50\u00b0E - 70\u00b0E, 10\u00b0S - 10\u00b0N zone.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"oew-table-row elementor-repeater-item-8c6650d\">\n<td class=\"oew-table-cell elementor-repeater-item-e8ab369\" style=\"border: 1px solid black;\" data-title=\"Header #1\">\n<ul type=\"disc\">\n<li><strong>DMI + <\/strong><strong>or IOD +<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The Indian Ocean Dipole is positive when the water surface temperature of the Indian Ocean is above normal in the west and below normal in the east. Subsequently, in the central-western tropical Indian Ocean, precipitation is above normal, then in the eastern Indian Ocean, while in the western tropical Pacific Ocean, precipitation is below normal.<\/td>\n<td class=\"oew-table-cell elementor-repeater-item-db4478e\" style=\"border: 1px solid black;\" data-title=\"Header #2\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>(<\/strong><strong>DMI - or IOD -<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>  The Indian Ocean Dipole is negative when the surface temperature of the Indian Ocean is below normal in the west and above normal in the east. When we have an IOD- then in the central-western tropical Indian Ocean precipitation is below normal, whereas in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean and the western tropical Pacific Ocean precipitation is above normal.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>                      <\/div>  \n         <\/div>\n         \n      \t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"uc_content_tabs_elementor_c77af2b_item6\" class=\"tab-container panes\">\n\t<div>\n      \t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"page\" data-elementor-id=\"2311\" class=\"elementor elementor-2311 elementor-2237\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-449749c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"449749c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8724e4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"8724e4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            \n      \t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"uc_content_tabs_elementor_c77af2b_item7\" class=\"tab-container panes\">\n\t<div>\n                     <div class=\"ue-item-content-layout\"> \n           <div class=\"ue-item-image-wrapper\"><\/div>\n           <div class=\"ue-item-content-wrapper\">\n                      <div class=\"ue-content-text\"><p>Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur.  <\/p>\n<\/div>                      <\/div>  \n         <\/div>\n         \n      \t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n        <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"uc-accordion-contents-template\" style=\"display:none\">\n    <div class=\"uc-accordion-icon\">\n      <span class=\"uc-accordion-icon-expand\"><i class='fas fa-plus'><\/i><\/span>\n      <span class=\"uc-accordion-icon-collapse\"><i class='fas fa-minus'><\/i><\/span>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  \n<\/div>\n<!-- end Content Tabs -->\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ENSO YOURSELF VAT NAO IOD SPI Other indices Le ENSO est l\u2019oscillation \u00e0 la surface de l\u2019oc\u00e9an pacifique \u00e9quatorial. Il entraine des changements de grande \u00e9chelle des pressions de la mer, les temp\u00e9ratures de surface de la mer, les pr\u00e9cipitations et les vents, non seulement dans les tropiques mais aussi dans de nombreuses autres parties [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2336","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccr1-agrhymet.cilss.int\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2336","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccr1-agrhymet.cilss.int\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccr1-agrhymet.cilss.int\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccr1-agrhymet.cilss.int\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccr1-agrhymet.cilss.int\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2336"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/ccr1-agrhymet.cilss.int\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2336\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2561,"href":"https:\/\/ccr1-agrhymet.cilss.int\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2336\/revisions\/2561"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccr1-agrhymet.cilss.int\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2336"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}